The nurse preceptor on a cancer ward is educating a novice nurse about the theory of carcinogenesis. Which statements by the novice nurse requires additional follow up by the nurse preceptor?
A) "During step 2, promotion, a cancer-causing agent damages DNA."
B) "Vitamins may modify how carcinogens can affect my body's cells."
C) "Step 3, progression, involves the accumulation of mutations in my body's cells."
D) "Promoters are characterized by their ability to initiate carcinogenesis."
A) "During step 2, promotion, a cancer-causing agent damages DNA."
Explanation: A) The first step of carcinogenesis, initiation, is when a cancer-causing agent damages cellular DNA.
B) Vitamins may modify how carcinogens can affect the body's cells.
C) Step 3 of carcinogenesis, progression, involves the accumulation of mutations in the body's cells.
D) Promoters are substances with the ability to initiate carcinogenesis both after cells are exposed to an initiating factor, or can be initiating factors in and of themselves.
You might also like to view...
Laboratory results show a patient's lithium level is 1.0 mEq/L. Select the correct analysis
a. Within therapeutic limits b. Below therapeutic limits c. Above therapeutic limits d. Incorrect. Lithium levels are reported as mEq/dL
The perioperative nurse is identifying nursing diagnoses appropriate for a client currently having surgery. Which of the following would be appropriate for the client at this time?
1. Risk for infection 2. Risk for impaired skin integrity 3. Risk for injury 4. Risk for inadequate nutrition 5. Risk for hypothermia 6. Risk for fluid volume overload
A nurse coworker, who has been working with a child and his family, asks you for advice about buying a gift for the child and the family. Which of the following would be the best advice you could give this nurse?
a. Do not buy them a gift unless they buy you one first. b. If you buy a gift, be certain that it is a small token only. c. Not giving gifts or receiving them is part of being professional. d. You should not buy gifts, but it is all right to receive them.
Health influences everything in our lives. Health must be considered in its broadest, holistic sense. A female client tells the nurse of attending classes on how to make cards and finds that this activity helps keep her mind free of serious stress
The nurse documents in the electronic medical record that the client is meeting which component of health? A) Spiritual B) Social C) Psychological or mental health D) Emotional