The nurse preceptor on a cancer ward is educating a novice nurse about the theory of carcinogenesis. Which statements by the novice nurse requires additional follow up by the nurse preceptor?

A) "During step 2, promotion, a cancer-causing agent damages DNA."
B) "Vitamins may modify how carcinogens can affect my body's cells."
C) "Step 3, progression, involves the accumulation of mutations in my body's cells."
D) "Promoters are characterized by their ability to initiate carcinogenesis."


A) "During step 2, promotion, a cancer-causing agent damages DNA."

Explanation: A) The first step of carcinogenesis, initiation, is when a cancer-causing agent damages cellular DNA.
B) Vitamins may modify how carcinogens can affect the body's cells.
C) Step 3 of carcinogenesis, progression, involves the accumulation of mutations in the body's cells.
D) Promoters are substances with the ability to initiate carcinogenesis both after cells are exposed to an initiating factor, or can be initiating factors in and of themselves.

Nursing

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