Botulin, the toxin of botulism is
A. not as virulent as tetanospasmin.
B. detected and diagnosed by analyzing a patient's blood.
C. the cause of rigid paralysis.
D. only produced under anaerobic conditions.
E. produced when spores germinate in the intestines of adults after ingesting contaminated food.
Answer: D. only produced under anaerobic conditions.
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Microorganisms do not generally reproduce sexually; therefore, species are usually defined by phenotypic and genotypic similarities.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
What would happen to the HS allele if a vaccine for malaria was 100% effective?
The human ?-globin gene has two alleles, HS and HA, individuals that are homozygous for HS have sickle-cell anemia and a lower fitness. Individuals that are heterozygotes (HSHA) do not show sickle-cell symptoms and have a resistance to malaria. Individuals that are homozygous for HA have the highest fitness but are susceptible to malaria. . The HS allele would increase in frequency in populations where malaria was present. B. The HS allele would decrease in frequency in populations where malaria was present. C. There would be no change in frequency between the HS and HA allele. D. Negative frequency-dependent selection would occur and there would be a balanced frequency between the two alleles. E. The frequency of homozygous individuals would decrease and the heterozygous individuals would increase.
Consider a living plant cell in a living leaf that is not wilted. The pressure potential (?P) of such a cell ____ than that
in the fluids surrounding the cell.
a. is typically lower b. varies widely from higher to lower c. is typically higher d. is typically about the same as e. is typically less negative
A molecular analysis of plasma or nuclear membranes would reveal the presence of _____
a. cellulose and chitin b. suberin and cutin c. phospholipids and proteins d. microtubules and microfilaments e. phospholipids and nucleic acids