The nurse is using the eight stages of life theory to help an older adult patient assess the developmental stage of personal ego differentiation. The nurse does this by assisting the patient to
a. determine feelings regarding the effects of aging on the physical being.
b. describe feelings regarding what he or she expects the future to hold.
c. identify aspects of work, recreation, and family life that provide a sense of self-worth and pleasure.
d. elaborate on feelings about the prospect of his or her personal death.
C
During the stage of ego differentiation versus work role preoccupation, the task for older adults is to achieve identity and feelings of worth from sources other than the work role. The onset of retirement and termination of the work role may reduce feelings of self-worth. In contrast, a person with a well-differentiated ego, who is defined by many dimensions, can replace the work role as the major defining source for self-esteem. Determining feelings related to the effects of aging, future death, or what the future may hold is not part of this theory.
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