A nonpharmacological approach that the nurse may implement for clients experiencing pain that focuses on promoting pleasurable and meaningful stimuli is:

Question

A. Massage
B. Heat/cold
C. Guided imagery
D. Distraction

Answer 1

D
D. Distraction is a technique that diverts an individual's attention away from the pain sensation. By introducing meaningful stimuli, the nurse helps the client refocus attention. Distraction directs a client's attention to something else and thus can reduce the awareness of pain and even increase tolerance.
A. Massage blocks perception of pain impulses but also helps relax muscle tension and spasm that otherwise might increase pain.
B. Heat produces vasodilation, reduced blood viscosity, reduced muscle tension, and increased tissue metabolism. Heat helps relieve muscle spasms and joint stiffness. Cold produces vasoconstriction, reduced cell metabolism, and increased blood viscosity. Cold is effective for inflamed joints and muscles.
C. The goal of imagery is to have the client use one or several of the senses to create an image of the desired result. This image creates a positive psychophysiological response.