Consider the data presented in Figure 8.9.
a. Which end-use sectors do you think are most vulnerable to an energy shock? Why?
b. Which fuel has the most diversified applications? Why?
What will be an ideal response?
Sectors that are vulnerable to energy shocks rely heavily on one or two major fuels, and cannot readily switch to a substitute or alternative fuel. A shock could be in the form of an abrupt price increase, a sudden lack of supply or both. From Figure 8.9, we see the following vulnerable sectors:
Transportation, because 94% of its energy comes from petroleum.
Residential, because 76% of its primary energy (energy produced and consumed on site) is from natural gas.
Industrial, because it relies evenly (at~ 40% each) on natural gas and petroleum.
You might also like to view...
What is a device in the steam turbine entry piping that converts pressure to velocity and directs the flow of steam to the steam turbine blades?
A) Shaft B) Casing C) Nozzle D) Governor
The accompanying figure shows some typical symbols used for plantings. Symbol 1 signifies ____.
A. deciduous trees B. palm trees C. spreading ground cover D. low shrubs
All of the following statements about voltage drops are true except:
A. Voltage drop can be measured with a voltmeter. B. Voltage drop is the conversion of electrical energy into another form energy form. C. All of the voltage from the source must be dropped before it returns to the source. D. Corrosion is not a contributor to voltage drop.
A block of aluminum is heated to a temperature of 100 °C. It is then dropped into a flowing stream of water which is held at a constant temperature of 10°C. After 10 seconds the temperature of the block is 60°C. (Aluminum is such a good heat conductor that its temperature is essentially uniform throughout its volume during the cooling process.) The rate of cooling is proportional to the temperature difference between the block and the water.
(a) Write a differential equation for this system with the temperature of the water as the excitation and the temperature of the block as the response. (b) Compute the time constant of the system. (c) If the same block is cooled to 0 °C and dropped into a flowing stream of water at 80 °C, at time at what time will the temperature of the block reach 75°C?