Unconditioned reinforcers are:
a. Stimuli, such as praise, that individuals have to learn to like through pairing with other unconditioned reinforcers.
b. Stimuli, such as rock music, that were once punishing (aversive) but are now things the individual likes.
c. Stimuli, like meat powder, that cause reflex actions to occur.
d. Stimuli, such as food and water that are inherently reinforcing for individuals.
D
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
A single-group pre-post design lacks a control group.
When students do-over, they repeat a behavior until they can do it in an acceptable manner and then continue to practice it
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Sarah calculates a value of –7.20 for the variance (s2) for a set of data. This necessarily implies ______.
a. she needs to check her calculations b. the mean is less than the standard deviation c. the sum of the negative deviations from the mean are greater than the sum of the positive deviations d. the distribution of scores is negatively skewed
The educational approach that gives children many ways to gain information, allows children to demonstrate what they know in different ways and provides a variety of ways to promote children's engagement is called
a. Universal Design for Learning (USL). b. Individual Education Plan (IEP). c. Response to Intervention (RTI). d. Including All Children (IAC).