Summarize the requirements for a valid automobile search

What will be an ideal response?


Under current case law, the police are permitted wide latitude in conducting traffic stops.The police may stop a car based on the belief that a crime has been committed, which includes any traffic violation (Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 [1996]). In addition, once a person has been stopped, the officer may order him or her to stand outside the vehicle without any justification (Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 [1997]). The police may also engage in searches with consent (Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33 [1996]), seize items that are in plain view (Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 [1990]), frisk the driver and/or search the passenger compartment of the vehicle out of concerns for safety (Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032 [1983]), and search the entire car if probable cause to arrest and/or search is developed (Belton, 453 U.S. 454). Finally, police are not required to provide the Miranda warnings when asking questions pursuant to a routine vehicle stop (Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 [1966]).

Criminal Justice

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A guilty plea is ?intelligent? if it is:

A) Voluntary. B) Based in fact. C) Understood. D) All of the above

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Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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In a sneak-and-peek search warrant:

a. law enforcement officials first serve the warrant on the occupants but conduct the actual search while the occupants are not present. b. law enforcement officials seek the search warrant after they first conduct a warrantless search of the premises to look around. c. because of the danger involved, officers get a special warrant that allows them to sneak into the place to be searched without first knocking on the door to serve the warrant. d. officers are allowed to enter a privately owned place without the owner or occupant consenting or even knowing about it.

Criminal Justice