Define and describe ADLs and IADLs. What percentage of U.S. older adults have limitations carrying out these activities?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The majority of people age 65 and older are capable of living active, independent lives, but with age, growing numbers need assistance. After age 75, about 9 percent of Americans have difficulty carrying out activities of daily living (ADLs)—basic self-care tasks required to live on one’s own, such as bathing, dressing, getting in and out of bed or a chair, or eating. And about 17 percent cannot carry out instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)—tasks necessary to conduct the business of daily life and also requiring some cognitive competence, such as telephoning, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, and paying bills. The proportion of older adults with these limitations rises sharply with age.
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Chapter 15 of your textbook discussed the issue of diversity when psychologists conduct research about the psychology of women. This discussion pointed out that
a. there has been an increase in research that emphasizes intersectionality. b. it is important to use well-educated European-American women, as the standard by which all other ethnic groups are compared. c. almost all researchers acknowledge that it's important to study the deficiencies of groups that are not considered standard. d. researchers cannot learn much information about women's strengths by studying groups other than well-educated European-American women.
Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from men?
a. Having unprotected sex with partners whose sexual history is unknown b. Using contaminated needles when injecting illegal drugs c. Turning to prostitution in response to economic deprivation d. Having sex with multiple partners
Which neurotransmitter receptors does alcohol affect?
a. GABA-benzodiazepine b. serotonin c. dopamine d. all of these e. serotonin and dopamine only
Damon and Hart and Kellet et al. found that self-descriptions of three- to five-year-olds focus on
a. physical characteristics, possessions, and actions; e.g., "I can ride a bike.". b. physical characteristics and psychological descriptions; e.g. "I'm happy a lot" or "I like people.". c. possessions or comparisons to others; e.g., "I'm the tallest in my preschool.". d. names of friends, and likes/dislikes; e.g., "I love pizza.".