The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on a healthy elderly adult client. Which of the following findings may be expected when compared to when the client was middle-aged? Standard Text: Select all that apply
1. Systolic murmur
2. Increased cardiac output
3. Increased systolic blood pressure
4. Increased stroke volume
5. Slight decrease in heart rate
1,3,4,5
Rationale 1: Systolic murmur. Systolic murmurs become more common as people age, especially because of aortic stenosis.
Rationale 2: Increased cardiac output. In the healthy older adult, cardiac output remains relatively stable.
Rationale 3: Increased systolic blood pressure. The client's systolic blood pressure may increase.
Rationale 4: Increased stroke volume. Stroke volume may increase slightly when the client is at rest and during exercise.
Rationale 5: light decrease in heart rate. The healthy older adult may have an insignificant decrease in heart rate.
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