A client comes to the clinic and is found to have a sexually transmitted disease (STD). The client states to the nurse, "Promise you won't tell anyone about my condition."
The nurse, according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), must do which of the following? 1. Honor the client's wishes
2. Not disclose any information to anyone
3. Respect the client's privacy and confidentiality
4. Communicate only necessary information
4. Communicate only necessary information
Rationale:
HIPAA includes standards that protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data as well as standards that define appropriate disclosures of identifiable health information and patient rights protection. Nurses are entrusted with sensitive information that, at times, must be revealed to other health care personnel in order to provide appropriate health care. In this case, the nurse may be required to report information to the state health department. Honoring the client's wishes would not follow HIPAA standards, since the nurse may be required to report the information to the state health department. Nurses should not make promises to keep necessary information private. While nurses must respect clients' privacy and confidentiality, they are required to report some information to other health care personnel or agencies.
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A patient who had a radical neck dissection has a Jackson-Pratt drain in place. The nurse observes the output from the drain over a 24-hour period. Which of the following findings should be reported to the physician immediately?
A) 80 cc of serosanguinous drainage B) 400 cc of milky or cloudy drainage C) Spots of drainage on the dressings surrounding the drain D) Several small clots noted in the drainage
Which of the following are key criteria for making causal inferences about the relationship between two variables? Select all that apply
A) Lack of temporal ambiguity about which variable occurred first B) Statistical confirmation that a relationship between the two exists C) The ability to randomly assign study participants to groups D) The ability to rule out other factors as potential causes of the outcome
Which of the following statements about participant observation is true?
A) Participant observers must maintain the same level of participation throughout the study. B) In a participant observation study, participants are observed but not questioned. C) Participant observers may use single, multiple, or mobile positioning. D) Participant observers most commonly record their observations by videotaping all events and transactions that they observe.