When subjects are selected because of the presence or absence of a condition, rather than having a condition assigned to them, the experimenter is testing
a. subject variables
b. construct validity
c. face validity
d. confounding variables
a
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Sandra is a 52-year-old administrative assistant working in the same law firm as 25-year-old Ella. Both are excellent at their jobs, even though Sandra is older and has some slowing in her reaction time. What allows Sandra to perform her job as well as Ella?
A. Sandra is given less difficult work to complete, whereas Ella receives more challenging assignments. B. Ella lacks experience and understanding of the complex material. C. Sandra has developed selective optimization, whereby she can look further into the material to compensate for her slower reactions. D. Sandra has greater verbal skills development than Ella.
When people are extremely aroused, their work performance often suffers. Research suggests that this is likely because extremely aroused people ____
a. are so narrowly focused on the task in front of them that they frequently miss (and fail to make use of) other relevant, useful information b. are easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli, failing to focus their attention on the most important pieces of the task at hand c. tend to multitask and rush through jobs—such that they fail to attend to details and make a relatively large number of "careless" errors d. are overly confident in their capabilities and thus fail to double-check or question their work product
Being depressed ________ the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack
a. has no effect on b. doubles c. triples d. reduces
What is one reason why naturalistic observation alone cannot solve the problem of demand characteristics?
A) Some things of interest to psychologists do not occur naturally. B) It is impossible not to be detected. C) People become angry if they discover that someone has been watching them. D) Recording devices are too expensive for scientists to purchase.