Which of the following are goals of mechanical ventilation?

Question

1. To provide support to the pulmonary system to maintain an adequate level of alveolar ventila-tion
2. To reduce the WOB until the cause of respiratory failure can be eliminated
3. To restore ABG levels to normal
4. To prevent or treat atelectasis with adequate end-inspiratory lung inflation
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only

Answer 1

ANS: D
Physiological Objectives
1. Support or manipulate pulmonary gas exchange:
? Alveolar ventilation—Achieve eucapnic ventilation or allow permissive hypercapnia (Note: Permissive hypercapnia sometimes is required in the ventilation of patients with asthma, acute lung injury [ALI], or acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] to protect the lung by avoiding high ventilating volumes and pressures.)
? Alveolar oxygenation—Maintain adequate oxygen delivery (CaO2 ? Cardiac output).
2. Increase lung volume:
? Prevent or treat atelectasis with adequate end-inspiratory lung inflation.
? Restore and maintain an adequate functional residual capacity (FRC).
3. Reduce the work of breathing.
Clinical Objectives
1. Reverse acute respiratory failure.
2. Reverse respiratory distress.
3. Reverse hypoxemia.
4. Prevent or reverse atelectasis and maintain FRC.
5. Reverse respiratory muscle fatigue.
6. Permit sedation or paralysis (or both).
7. Reduce systemic or myocardial oxygen consumption.
8. Minimize associated complications and reduce mortality.