What is skeletal age, and how is it measured? Give an example of a sex difference and an ethnic difference in skeletal age
What will be an ideal response?
The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is skeletal age—a measure of development of the bones of the body. The embryonic skeleton is first formed out of soft, pliable tissue called cartilage. In the sixth week of pregnancy, cartilage cells begin to harden into bone, a gradual process that continues throughout childhood and adolescence. Just before birth, special growth centers, called epiphyses, appear at the two extreme ends of each of the long bones of the body. Cartilage cells continue to be produced at the growth plates of these epiphyses, which increase in number throughout childhood and then, as growth continues, get thinner and disappear. After that, no further growth in bone length is possible. Skeletal age can be estimated by X-raying the bones to determine the number of epiphyses and the extent to which they are fused.
African-American children tend to be slightly ahead of Caucasian-American children in skeletal age. And girls are considerably ahead of boys—a gap of about four to six weeks at birth, which widens over infancy and childhood.
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The notion that all of the world's languages share a similar underlying structure is summarized in which concept?
A. universal grammar B. reactionist approach C. language division approach D. cultural-learning theory
Ganis and coworkers used fMRI to measure brain activation for perception and imagery of objects. Their results showed that
a. there is no difference between the activation caused by perception and by imagery. b. perception and imagery activate the same areas near the back of the brain, but imagery activates more of the frontal lobe than does perception. c. perception and imagery activate the same areas of the frontal lobe, but imagery activates more of the back of the brain than perception does. d. perception and imagery activate the same areas of the frontal lobe, but perception activates more of the back of the brain than imagery does.
Modern psychodynamic therapies differ from Freud's original psychoanalysis. One main difference is the fact that psychodynamic therapies place greater emphasis on:
a. unconscious drives related to sex and aggression b. improving the client's interpersonal and social skills c. understanding why transference occurs d. the conscious motivations that underlie a particular set of symptoms
Night terrors occur in stage 3 or 4
Indicate whether the statement is true or false