______ refers to instances when the novelty of participating in research influences a subject’s behaviors and views, thereby threatening external validity.

a. Selection bias
b. Reactivity threats
c. Reactive effects
d. Testing


b. Reactivity threats

Criminal Justice

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"Habeas corpus" is a legal document challenging custody and designed to force authorities holding a prisoner to produce him and justify the custody (often used as an alternate method of appealing a conviction)

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

A The Supreme Court?s majority opinion in ________ stated that the privilege is needed to prevent the police from extracting false confessions through torture or threats

A) Mapp v. Ohio B) Terry v. Ohio C) Miranda v. Arizona D) Texas v. Johnson

Criminal Justice

Because a transition from one stage of life to another can be a bumpy ride, the propensity to commit crimes is viewed as what type of process?

a. Fluctuating b. Reactionary c. Nonstable d. Developmental

Criminal Justice

The Supreme Court has repeatedly denied certiorari in cases in which the individual right to bear arms is at issue

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice