Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child who has been admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS)?
1. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
2. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
3. Urine specific gravity decreased and urinary output increased
4. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
1
Explanation:
1. Nephrotic syndrome is an alteration in kidney function secondary to increased glomerular basement membrane permeability to plasma protein. It is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
2. Bacteriuria and fever are associated with a urinary tract infection. Because of the edema, a weight gain, not a weight loss, would be seen.
3. In MCNS, the urine output decreases and the specific gravity of urine increases.
4. Gross hematuria and hypertension are associated with glomerulonephritis.
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