Patients on prolonged bed rest are at risk for a deep vein thrombosis. Which information indicates the nurse needs more teaching about the factors in Virchow's triad?
a. One of the factors is loss of integrity of the vessel wall.
b. One of the factors is abnormalities of blood flow.
c. One of the factors is alterations in blood constituents.
d. One of the factors is atrophy of the muscles.
D
Three factors contribute to venous thrombus formation: (1) loss of integrity of the vessel wall (e.g., injury), (2) abnormalities of blood flow (e.g., slow blood flow in calf veins associated with bed rest), and (3) alterations in blood constituents (e.g., a change in clotting factors or increased platelet activity). These three factors are referred to as Virchow's triad. Disuse, atrophy, and shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissues cause joint contracture, not deep vein thrombosis.
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