Mika argued that memory retrieval is an all-or-none process. Is her assessment of retrieval correct?
A. Yes, the tip-of-the tongue (TOT) phenomenon shows that retrieval either happens or does not happen.
B. Yes, the encoding-specificity principle shows that retrieval either happens or does not happen.
C. No, the encoding-specificity principle shows that partial retrieval can occur.
D. No, the tip-of-the tongue (TOT) phenomenon shows that partial retrieval can occur.
Answer: D
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