Which of the following provides support for the claim that the decision in Citizens United had unintended consequences on American elections?
A)the rush for states to frontload their nomination contests and to switch to closed primaries
B)the contributions by conservative super PACs in 2008 equaled the total amount of individual donations raised by John McCain, the eventual party nominee
C)the increase in donor transparency in American elections with the rise of super PACs
D)the steep decline in the numbers of negative advertisements and in the solicitation of small individual donations by candidates
B
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The use of nonpartisan election of judges won favor as a means of
a. increasing voter turnout for such elections. b. ensuring that certain interests were able to buy a judge's loyalty to their causes. c. reducing the amount of money spent on campaigns. d. removing politics from the election of judges, thus gaining more independence and professionalism.
What is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?
a. nuclear capabilities b. economic collapse c. trade disagreements d. conventional arms e. civil unrest
Which of the following statements contradicts the hypothesized effect of the variable of political institutions on welfare state spending?
A. Sweden has strong labor integration in the government and is also a strong welfare state. B. Denmark has a relatively homogeneous population and spends nearly 30% of its GDP on welfare. C. Osnia, a small state with regressive taxation favoring businesses, spends very little on social welfare. D. The United States has minimal government intervention in the market and spends much less on social welfare than other nations with comparable wealth. E. Germany has a federal government which frequently approves radical redistributive spending proposals in the legislature.
When did the United States have a policy of free and open immigration?
A) never B) when the Constitution was ratified C) under the Carter Administration D) under the Clinton Administration E) under the Bush Administration