Which of the following statements about the development of bone in humans is NOT true?
A. Bone breakdown and replacement occur throughout life.
B. A primary ossification center forms in the middle of a long bone.
C. A secondary ossification center forms at the end of a long bone.
D. A cartilaginous disk remains between the primary and secondary ossification centers until old age.
E. Bones may form within a cartilage model or within a membrane matrix.
Answer: D
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Based on the idea that fungi have pores between their cell walls, which allow cytoplasm to move from one end of the mycelium to the other, which of the following hypotheses is the most plausible?
A) If a single mycorrhizal fungus formed symbiotic associations with more than one tree, carbon could travel from one plant to another. B) Parasitic fungi steal nutrients from their hosts. C) Predatory fungi capture their prey by encircling them with hyphae, and the flowing of the cytoplasm through the pores helps the hyphae to move around the prey. D) Fungi function as part of the global carbon cycle not only by converting carbon from one form to another, but by physically moving it from one location to another.
Which of the following is true about temporal variation in community biomass?
A. It cycles faster in communities with low species richness. B. It increases with increases in species richness. C. It decreases with increases in species richness. D. It cycles faster in communities with high species richness. E. It is usually low because community biomass is very stable over time.
Invertebrates that feed on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), such as leaves that fall into streams and rivers, are referred to as
A) shredders. B) gougers. C) grazers. D) collectors.
Why do higher-latitude ecosystems experience more pronounced seasons than ecosystems at equatorial latitudes?
A) Earth is tilted on its axis as it orbits the sun annually. B) The mass of the continents is greater at the equator, which evens out temperature variations in ocean circulation. C) Heated air rises at the equator and falls at mid-latitudes. D) Air currents generated by Earth's rotation have stronger effects at higher latitudes. E) Ocean currents moderate near-shore environments.