When a researcher obtains significant results that are opposite to what was originally hypothesized, it is likely that this occurred because of which of the following?
A) Inadequate sample size
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) A flawed statistical analysis
D) Faulty reasoning
D
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When significant findings are opposite to what was hypothesized, it is less likely that the methods are flawed than that the reasoning or theory is problematic. The interpretation of such findings should involve comparisons with other research, a consideration of alternate theories, and a critical scrutiny of the research methods.
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