Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. "Delayed reinforcers are usually less effective than are immediate reinforcers. "
2. "Delay between the behaviour and the consequence affects the processes of reinforcement and punishment differently. "
3. "Tolman proposed the three-term contingency. "
4. "The three-term contingency is defined as a stimulus producing an expectation leading to a response. "
5. "Pigeons have been taught to discriminate paintings by Monet from paintings by Picasso. "
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
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If a set of scores is displayed in a frequency distribution bar graph, what scale of measurement was used to measure the scores?
a. Nominal c. Nominal or ordinal b. Ordinal d. Interval or ratio
How is attachment formation in infancy related to friendship formation?
a. Children who are securely attached look for one best friend with whom to share their feelings. b. Children who are securely attached are more popular and more comfortable in social interactions. c. Children who are anxiously attached make friends readily. d. Children who are securely attached do not need friends.
Freud's ideas such as id, ego, superego, repression, and unconscious forces:
a. are very difficult to test experimentally b. have been proved in several studies c. were actually developed by Carl Jung d. are assumed to be incorrect by most psychoanalytical theorists
The capacity for voluntary, effortful management of emotions
A) improves as a result of the development of the prefrontal cortex. B) is present at birth. C) emerges suddenly around 8 to 10 months. D) cannot be modified by learned strategies.