Many plants are mycorrhizal: Their roots are infected with a specialized fungus. The plant supplies carbon to the fungus, and the fungus supplies nutrients to the plant
The relationship between these plants and the mycorrhizal fungi is an example of a ________ association.
A) competitive
B) mutualistic
C) successional
D) predator-prey
E) parasitic
B
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Match the pathway with the characteristic or example.
A) fungi B) lysosome passage C) C4 plants D) carbon assimilation E) succulents F) nucleic acid replication G) C3 plants H) salvage pathway 1) Calvin cycle 2) glycolate pathway 3) Hatch-Slack cycle 4) crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs as ____
a. a gaseous form b. blood plasma c. potassium carbonate ions d. bicarbonate ions e. carbonic acid
Consider the refrigerator in your kitchen. Based on what you know about the first and second laws of thermodynamics, how does a refrigerator most likely work?
a. A refrigerator both destroys any heat in its interior, or in the food it contains, and creates new energy in the form of cold. b. A refrigerator removes the potential energy contained within food. c. A refrigerator removes heat from its interior and transports this energy outside, into the kitchen. d. A refrigerator creates new energy, although it is in the form of cold rather than heat. e. A refrigerator destroys any heat in its interior, or in the food it contains.
Two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, work sequentially in an intracellular signaling pathway
You create cells that contain inactivating mutations in the genes that encode either PK1 or PK2 and find that these cells no longer respond to a particular extracellular signal. You also create cells containing a version of PK1 that is permanently active and find that the cells behave as though they are receiving the signal even when the signal is not present. When you introduce the permanently active version of PK1 into cells that have an inactivating mutation in PK2, you find that these cells also behave as though they are receiving the signal even when no signal is present. A. From these results, does PK1 activate PK2, or does PK2 activate PK1? Explain your answer. B. You now create a permanently active version of PK2 and find that cells containing this version behave as though they are receiving the signal even when the signal is not present. What do you predict will happen if you introduce the permanently active version of PK2 into cells that have an inactivating mutation in PK1?