Which of these activities correlates with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease?
a. electroconvulsive therapy
b. smoking cigarettes
c. playing a musical instrument
d. taking vitamin supplements
c. playing a musical instrument
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Which of the following plants would likely be the first to colonize a newly formed volcanic island (an environment with very little soil and limited room for roots to grow)?
A. vascular plants B. lycophytes C. bryophytes D. gymnosperms
Peristalsis is:
A. waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system. B. a band of muscle that opens to allow small amounts of digested food to enter the small intestine. C. the mechanical breakdown of food in the stomach. D. the chemical breakdown of proteins. E. the formation of an ulcer in the stomach.
Tropical leafcutter ants collect leaf cuttings which they transport to special underground chambers. There, they chew the leaves to create nursery beds on which they grow a species of fungus they use for food
When ant queens disperse to establish new colonies, they carry the fungus with them, dispersing it as well (this benefits the fungus). In the ants' nest, the fungus is at risk of being destroyed by another fungal species that is able to grow in the same habitat, using the same limited resources. On their bodies, the ants carry and provide a home for bacteria that produce antibiotics the ants use to kill this second fungus and thereby protect their food supply. In this system, the relationship between the leafcutter ants and their fungal food species is: A. interspecific competition. B. mutualism. C. predation. D. parasitism. E. commensalism.
The tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across the cell membrane is referred to as:
A) osmosis. B) tonicity. C) diffusion. D) active transport.