The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with hyperphosphatemia. In which of the following medical conditions is this electrolyte imbalance most likely to be seen?
1. chronic renal failure
2. rheumatoid arthritis
3. heart failure
4. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1
Rationale: Hyperphosphatemia is less commonly seen in the high acuity patient. It is predominantly associated with chronic renal failure even though other causes include hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, severe catabolic states, and conditions causing hypocalcemia. This electrolyte imbalance is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis, heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Personal space and distance is culturally dependent and can impact nurse–patient interactions significantly. What is the best way for the nurse to interact with a patient who has a different cultural perspective on space and distance?
A) Allow the patient to adopt a position that is comfortable for him or her. B) Realize that sitting close to the patient is an indication of warmth and caring. C) Position yourself 10 to 12 feet from the patient to accommodate the most common cultural preferences. D) Remember not to intrude into the personal space of the elderly.
The nurse is told that a patient believes he was born into the wrong body. The nurse recognizes this desire to have the body of the opposite sex as:
a. homosexuality. b. transsexualism. c. heterosexuality. d. bisexuality.
An 81-year-old client has developed a fecal impaction while convalescing at home after hip surgery. Which of the following corrective actions should the nurse undertake?
A) Manually remove the feces with a gloved finger. B) Assist the client to sit on the commode to facilitate stool passage. C) Break up the impaction with external abdominal massage. D) Insert a flatus bag to prevent entrance of air into the rectum
Which two ethical principles come into question when community health research projects involve health screening?
A) Autonomy and nonmaleficence B) Fidelity and veracity C) Respect for persons and beneficence D) Beneficence and justice