When clay minerals in a shale are subjected to elevated temperature and pressure, they may change in the solid state (that is, without melting) to form platy minerals like ________ that are at equilibrium with the new temperature/pressure conditions.

A. carbonate
B. mica
C. amphibole
D. pyroxene
E. feldspar


Answer: B

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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The three "Caribbean" countries on the South America continent were former colonies of

A. England, France, Germany B. France, Spain, Portugal C. England, France, Netherlands D. Spain, Portugal, Mexico

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Which of the following primary pressure areas are produced by dynamic factors, rather than thermal factors?

A) subtropical high and subpolar low B) equatorial low and polar high C) equatorial low and Bermuda high D) Aleutian low and Icelandic low

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Which of the following accurately describes 18O/16O ratios of ice sheets?

A) During warmer periods, 18O evaporates more readily and therefore the 18O/16O ratio is higher. B) The higher the ratio of ice core 18O/16O, the cooler there temperatures because the 18O will be locked up in ice sheets. C) During periods of colder temperature, the 18O/16O ratio is higher because only the 18O isotope is being evaporated. D) During warmer periods, 16O evaporates more readily and therefore the 18O/16O ratio is significantly lower than colder periods.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

The gravity model helps to illustrate that spatial interaction is not based solely upon distance because it incorporates what factor in addition to the distance between two places?

A. terrain B. culture C. culture and terrain D. mode of travel E. population

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences