What were the political effects of relative isolation on the development of Western Europe?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Isolation of Western Europe
1. Western Europe did not want to stay outside the great circuits of Eurasian exchange
2. isolation was hard to overcome
a. Atlantic clouded the outlook to the west
b. Sahara cut it off from access to much of Africa
c. forests and marshlands obstructed Europe's frontier on the east
d. hostile steppelanders patrolled the plains
e. no direct access to the Indian Ocean
B. Political effects
1. fragmentation, along with isolation, contributed to a sense of Europe's inconsequence
a. Holy Roman Empire was essentially a German state, covering not much more than modern Germany
2. Europe becomes a state system
a. interlocking territorial states
b. competition between states can stimulate innovation and promote expansion
c. in the complexity of a system of many states, one state may fail without incapacitating the rest
3. Inward expansion
a. eleventh to the early fourteenth centuries, a process of internal expansion, accompanied by new economic activity
b. Italy uses the idea of commune
1. an institution of government in most cities in the late eleventh or early twelfth century
c. some cities were independent republics, forming alliances in defiance of, or in spite of, their supposed lords
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The 1972 presidential candidate paralyzed as the result of an assassination attempt:
A. George Wallace B. Richard Nixon C. George McGovern D. Ted Kennedy
Discuss World War II in Europe up to the summer of 1942. Where were German armies most successful? Where did they encounter the most resistance? What were the reasons for some of the successes and the failures?
What will be an ideal response?
Student answers might include (1) researchers should work to eliminate sex bias from sampling and always report the demographic characteristics of the sample. They should not generalize from single-sex samples and be diligent in recording demographic characteristics (2) researchers should use precise, non-gender biased terminology when describing the participants and findings. They should avoid androcentric terms and avoid interpreting findings within a female deficit model. (3) researchers should not exaggerate the prevalence and magnitude of sex differences. Journals should place equal emphasis on publishing research on sex similarities rather than privileging studies showing sex differences. Researchers should clarify the difference between statistical and practical significance and
report effect sizes. (4) researchers should not imply or state that sex differences are due to biological causes when biological factors have not been properly tested. A. in 1879 when William Wundt founded the first psychology lab B. during the Women’s suffrage movement of the early 1900s C. in response to large numbers of women entering the workforce during World War II D. during the second wave of the women’s movement in the 1970s
Which statement best describes American consumers' habits in the 1920s?
a. With more homes having access to electricity, they purchased a growing number of household appliances. b. With automobiles too expensive for all but the wealthy, they continued to buy carriages and other horse-drawn vehicles. c. With the economy in a state of depression, they demanded durable goods that would last a long time. d. With an uncertain economy, they abandoned their "buy now, pay later" attitude.