Match each biological theory listed in Column 1 with its description in Column 2
1. Positivism a. Biological theories that explain criminality by reference to offenders' body types, inheritance, genetics, or external observable physical characteristics.
2. Criminaloids b. A body type originally described as soft and round and overweight.
3. Constitutional theories c. The study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlations of human behavior.
4. Masculinity hypothesis d. An individual who is born with a genetic predilection toward criminality.
5. Phrenology
e. A scientific approach to the study of crime and its causation. Early approach was built on evolutionary principles and saw criminals as throwbacks to earlier evolutionary epochs.
6. Criminal anthropology f. A term used by Lombroso to suggest that criminals are physiological throwbacks to early stages of evolution.
7. Atavism g. A term used by Cesare Lombroso to describe occasional criminals who were pulled into criminality by environmental influences.
8. Endomorph h. The scientific study of the relationship between human physical characteristics and criminality.
9. Born criminal i. The belief that criminal women exhibit masculine features and mannerisms.
1. E
2. G
3. A
4. I
5. C
6. H
7. F
8. B
9. D
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