Mr. M takes warfarin for anticoagulation following a prosthetic aortic valve replacement. He is overall healthy, and since the surgery has begun to exercise, follow a cardiac diet, and use numerous vitamins and natural supplements
At his clinic visit, he tells the nurse that he is taking ginkgo biloba daily. The nurse reports this to his primary care provider because: 1. Ginkgo biloba alters blood clotting and when combined with warfarin could lead to prolonged bleeding times.
2. Ginkgo biloba plays a role in synthesis of clotting factors and can increase the risk of clot formation.
3. Warfarin may decrease the effect of ginkgo biloba and decrease the international normalized ratio (INR).
4. Warfarin may increase the production of clots.
1
Rationale: Ginkgo biloba also alters blood clotting and when combined with warfarin could lead to prolonged bleeding times. Vitamin K plays a role in the synthesis of clotting factors and can increase the risk of clot formation. Warfarin potentiates the effect of ginkgo biloba, resulting in increased bleeding times rather than the formation of clots.
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Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) is administered to a client before a diagnostic procedure. The client education about this medication should include:
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Which of the following are examples of nursing activities that are considered part of the independent functions of the nursing role? Select all that apply
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