The sacraments by which medieval Christians hoped to receive the grace of God

A. were codified by an early thirteenth-century church council.
B. were but one of several paths to salvation available to orthodox Christians.
C. could be administered by any Christian.
D. were first introduced by the Waldensians.


Answer: A

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The purpose of the army of terra cotta figures found buried in the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor was to __________

A. march ceremoniously B. scare off grave robbers C. pay tribute to the emperor D. prevent evil spirits from taking the emperor's soul E. serve the ruler in the afterlife

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How does Manuel Álvarez Bravo’s Two Pairs of Legs demonstrate the artistic qualities of straight photography?

a)  Its formal elements enhance the subject matter. b)  It documents the subject matter exactly as the artist saw it. c)  It eliminates color from the subject matter to assert its status as fine art. d)  It calls attention to social conditions through its subject matter.

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The vernacular poem The Romance of the Rose celebrates

a) the love story of Héloïse and Abelard. b) a student’s search for the God of Love. c) the religious visions of Trotula. d) the perfect garden of paradise.

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Full-page abstract designs of great richness and complexity appear in which of the following manuscripts?

A. The Book of Durrow B. All of these C. The Lindisfarne Gospels D. The Book of Kells

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