The null hypothesis that is appropriate to state with a directional research hypothesis asserts that

a. the independent variable has no effect.
b. chance alone is responsible for the observed differences between conditions.
c. the independent variable does not have an effect in the direction predicted by the research hypothesis (H1).
d. b and c.


C

Education

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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a. True b. False ______________________________________________________________________________

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