Which of the following can cause laryngospasm and bradycardia through a vagovagal reflex? 1. Bronchoscopy 2. Endotracheal intubation 3. Tracheal suctioning
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1 and 2 only
ANS: C
Such reflexes are responsible for laryngospasm, coughing, and slowing of the heartbeat. Endo-tracheal intubation, airway suctioning, and bronchoscopy readily elicit vagovagal reflexes. Phys-ical stimulation of the conducting airways, as with suctioning or bronchoscopy, may cause a se-vere case of bronchospasm, coughing, and laryngospasm.
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