A farmer is concerned that if she plants seeds for her next harvest, many of them will remain dormant and fail to grow. Depending on the plant, what steps can the farmer take to ensure that many of her seeds will germinate?
A. She can treat her seeds with red light prior
to planting.
B. She can put her seeds in the refrigerator
for a few months before planting.
C. She can rub her seeds with sand paper
prior to planting.
D. She can feed the seeds to her cows and
collect them after they have passed through
the animals' digestive tracts.
A,B,C,D
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Why are some xenobiotics biodegraded slower than crude oil and petroleum products?
A) Xenobiotics were designed to inhibit microbial growth. B) Some xenobiotics are novel compounds that differ from naturally occurring chemicals, thus microorganisms have not yet evolved to effectively degrade them. C) Only cometabolic microbial processes degrade xenobiotics. D) Chlorinated compounds are so toxic that biodegradation is not possible.
Transcription factors are proteins that influence the ability of the RNA polymerase to transcribe a gene
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A news article discussing the evolution of domestic dogs from wolves included this statement: "On its way from pack-hunting carnivore to fireside companion, dogs learned to love—or at least live on—wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes." What is a
more scientifically accurate way to state what happened with dogs? A) Dogs' DNA mutated so that they could eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes. B) Some wolves may have had variants in their digestion that allowed them to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes and so were able to survive with humans. C) Being around humans represented an advantage, so wolves were able to take advantage of that by changing their digestion to be able to eat wheat, rice, barley, corn, and potatoes. D) Dogs were created at the same time as wolves.
When double-stranded DNA is heated, the two strands separate into single strands in a process called melting or denaturation. The temperature at which half of the duplex DNA molecules are intact and half have melted is defined as the Tm
A. Do you think Tm is a constant, or can it depend on other small molecules in the solution? Do you think high salt concentrations increase, decrease, or have no effect on Tm? B. Under standard conditions, the expected melting temperature in degrees Celsius can be calculated from the equation Tm = 59.9 + [0.41 ×%(G + C)] – (675/length of duplex). Does the Tm increase or decrease if there are more G + C (and thus fewer A + T) base pairs? Does the Tm increase or decrease as the length of DNA increases? Why? C. Calculate the predicted Tm for a stretch of double helix that is 100 nucleotides long and contains 50% G + C content.