Clinical depression with mixed features:
A. Indicates at least three manic symptoms coexist with a major depressive episode
B. Is more prevalent in older adults than adolescents and young adults
C. Decreases the likelihood that the illness exists in a bipolar spectrum
D. All of the above
ANS: A
The coexistence within a major depressive episode of at least three manic symptoms (insufficient to satisfy criteria for a manic episode) is now acknowledged by the specifier "with mixed features." The presence of mixed features in an episode of major depressive disorder increases the likelihood that the illness exists in a bipolar spectrum; however, if the individual concerned has never met criteria for a manic or hypomanic episode, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder is retained. Mixed episodes are more prevalent in adolescents and young adults than in older adults.
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