Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
TRUE
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The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential:
1. sodium channels are inactivated 2. more voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization 3. sodium channels regain their normal properties 4. a graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold 5. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs 6. sodium channel activation occurs 7. sodium ions enter the cell and further depolarization occurs The proper sequence of these events is A) 6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5. B) 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5. C) 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 5, 3. D) 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1. E) 4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1.
"Glucose, glucose, every where, nor any speck to utilize" is a phrase made up by one of the authors working on this test question. Similar to the irony of not being able to prevent dehydration by drinking seawater, people with untreated diabetes mellitus are unable to prevent starvation despite the large amount of glucose surrounding their cells; as if that isn't bad enough, dehydration is also a
problem. Explain why there is glucose in the urine of such people, why glucose is not present in the urine of normal people, and why diabetics become dehydrated. What will be an ideal response?
People with myasthenia gravis have a deficiency of
A) acetylcholine receptors B) titin molecules. C) troponin molecules. D) sarcomeres.
The vasa recta
A. alters the cortical solute gradient. B. supplies blood to the glomerulus. C. surrounds the collecting duct. D. collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. E. collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid.