Joe sold gold coins for $1,000 that he bought a year ago for $1,000. He says, "At least I didn't lose any money on my financial investment." His economist friend points out that in effect he did lose money because he could have received a 3 percent return on the $1,000 if he had bought a bank certificate of deposit instead of the coins. The economist's analysis in this case incorporates the idea of:
A. opportunity costs.
B. marginal benefits that exceed marginal costs.
C. imperfect information.
D. normative economics.
Ans: A. opportunity costs.
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Say that Alland can produce 32 units of food per person per year or 16 units of clothing per person per year, but Georgeland can produce 24 units of food per year or 12 units of clothing. Which of the following is true?
a. Alland has both a comparative and absolute advantage in producing food. b. Alland has comparative advantage, but not an absolute advantage, in producing food. c. Georgeland has both a comparative and absolute disadvantage in producing clothing. d. Georgeland has an absolute disadvantage, but not a comparative disadvantage, in producing clothing.
Within the Keynesian aggregate expenditure-output model, if an economy operates below full employment:
A. a reduction in wage rates and resource prices will soon restore full-employment equilibrium. B. a reduction in the real interest rate will soon restore full-employment equilibrium. C. an increase in the real interest rate will soon restore full-employment equilibrium. D. the economy may remain below full employment unless aggregate expenditures increase.
In a fixed exchange rate system
A. market forces play a role in determining the fixed value of a currency. B. a central bank affects the value of a currency by changing its foreign exchange reserves. C. the International Monetary Fund determines exchange rates. D. market forces and the country's stock of gold determine its exchange rate.
Starting from long-run equilibrium, a large tax increase will result in a(n) ________ gap in the short-run and ________ inflation and ________ output in the long-run.
A. recessionary; lower; potential B. expansionary; lower; potential C. expansionary; higher; potential D. recessionary; lower; lower