What is the level of proof required for the prosecution to overcome the presumption of innocence in a criminal trial?

a. Beyond all doubt
b. Beyond a reasonable doubt
c. Preponderance of the evidence
d. Reasonable suspicion


b. Beyond a reasonable doubt

Criminal Justice

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the War Relocation Authority, resulting in ______.

A. 100,000 Japanese being forced into internment camps B. the infamous McCarthy hearings C. the attacks on Pearl Harbor D. the establishment of HUAC

Criminal Justice

The suggestion that lesser convictions for women are a reflection of the leniency of police and judges toward female offenders is the __________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

Which of the following represents a threat to the accuracy of our ability to retrieve information from memory to make an identification?

a. Victims tend to select the person who most closely resembles their memory of the perpetrator. b. Victims can be influenced, intentionally or unintentionally, by the person conducting the lineup. c. Victims may have no vivid memory of the event and are too embarrassed to inform anyone of this. d. Victims may simply identify someone just to put the event in their past so they can move on with their lives.

Criminal Justice

The traditional legal rule regarding confessions is that confessions

a. may be physically coerced. b. must be free and voluntary. c. may be psychologically coerced. d. may be obtained by any means necessary.

Criminal Justice