Describe the five infant states of arousal
What will be an ideal response?
1. Regular, or NREM, sleep: The infant is at full rest and shows little or no body activity. The eyelids are closed, no eye movements occur, the face is relaxed, and breathing is slow and regular.
2. Irregular, or REM, sleep: Gentle limb movements, occasional stirring, and facial grimacing occur. Although the eyelids are closed, occasional rapid eye movements can be seen beneath them. Breathing is irregular.
3. Drowsiness: The infant is either falling asleep or waking up. The body is less active than in irregular sleep but more active than in regular sleep. The eyes open and close; when open, they have a glazed look. Breathing is even but somewhat faster than in regular sleep.
4. Quiet alertness: The infant's body is relatively inactive, with eyes open and attentive. Breathing is even.
5. Waking activity and crying: The infant shows frequent bursts of uncoordinated body activity. Breathing is very irregular. The face may be relaxed or tense and wrinkled. Crying may occur.
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A clinician is treating an adolescent with conduct disorder. The adolescent has been in foster care since his parents died many years ago, so there is limited information about his early behavior. The clinician has learned that recent research suggests there may be neuropsychological involvement when the onset of conduct disorder occurs at a young age, but not at an older age. The neurological tests required would be very expensive to conduct, so the researcher is unsure whether they should be added to the tests she is already using. In this case, the researcher is probably concerned with
a. the construct validity of the neurological test. b. the face validity of the neurological test. c. the concurrent evidence of validity for the neurological test. d. the incremental validity of the neurological test.
Which of the following statements is true about crying infants?
A) Few parents respond to a crying baby's call for help with extra care and attention. B) Abusive parents sometimes cite a high-pitched, grating cry as one factor that caused them to lose control and harm the baby. C) Preterm and ill babies are the least likely to be abused by highly stressed parents. D) Colic rarely subsides before 12 months of age.
Most scientists agree that the three types of memory are sensory, long-term, and short-term.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The ________ refers to the opening in the iris through which light enters the eye.
A. fovea B. retina C. pupil D. cornea