The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment on a 16 year-old client. Which behaviors demonstrated will the nurse identify as middle formal operational, according to Piaget's theory? Select all that apply
A) Reporting that he smokes marijuana occasionally.
B) Wanting to make decisions about health care independently
C) Being very concerned with implications of the Affordable Care Act regarding health care benefits
D) Wanting their friends to visit them in the hospital more than their parents
E) Difficulty understanding the implications their diagnosis might present
Ans: A, B, C
During the middle years (age 14 to 17), Piaget recognizes that the adolescent has increased ability to think abstractly or in more idealistic terms, thinks he or she is invincible (leading to risky behaviors), and becomes involved/concerned with society and politics. In the early stages of formal operational reasoning, the adolescent's thinking is egocentric and lacks abstract thinking, as noted in the patient being more concerned with peers than parents, and not understanding the implications of their diagnosis.
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