According to Alarid and Schloss, the term _______________ refers to the shifting of public functions and responsibilities either partially or totally to for-profit or nonprofit private organizations.
a. prisonization
b. technical violations
c. reintegration
d. privatization
b. technical violations
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What distinguishes organized crime from most other forms of criminal behavior?
a. it emanates from a continuing enterprise b. its crimes are not rationally planned c. it does not require force, threats, monopoly control, or corruption to insulate itself from prosecution d. it never caters to public demand for illicit goods and services
______ First came to light in 1987 and was established in Saudi Arabia’s eastern province—it was established in retaliation for the Kingdom’s heavy-handed handling of the Mecca riots when Saudi riot police killed 400 Iranian pilgrims at the annual Hajj. The group was supported and sponsored by Iranian elements.
a. al Qaeda
b. Saudi Hezbollah
c. ISIL
d. Muslim Brotherhood
To charge harassment, an actor who calls another in the middle of the night to annoy the victim, must make at least two such calls to establish a pattern
a. True b. False
Edward Littlejohn's study of police misconduct litigation in Detroit through the 1970s found that suits
A. produced few reforms. B. produced changes in how people perceived the chief of police. C. produced many reforms and changes. D. produced changes in how the police academies trained their recruits.