A patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted. He is very lethargic and hypotensive. A diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is made based on laboratory values of
a. decreased serum glucose and increased serum ketones.
b. increased urine ketones and decreased serum osmolality.
c. increased serum osmolality and increased serum potassium.
d. increased serum osmolality and increased serum glucose.
D
Laboratory findings are used to establish the definitive diagnosis of HHS. Plasma glucose levels are strikingly elevated (greater than 600 mg/dL). Serum osmolality is greater than 320 mOsm/kg.
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A nurse talking with a patient about a new diagnosis of advanced cancer wishes to encourage the patient to continue speaking without asking direct questions. The patient has not decided whether to have treatment or go on hospice
Which statement by the nurse would best accomplish this goal? a. "My brother had the same thing, and he did well with treatment." b. "So you are not sure if you want to try the treatment or not." c. "Tell me more about what you are thinking about your options." d. "Uh huh, I see you are having a conflict about having treatment."
The nurse explains that treatment of secondary hypertension primarily focuses on:
1. a smoking cessation program. 2. a strenuous exercise program. 3. losing weight rapidly. 4. specific disease.
The nurse teaches the client prescribed a first-generation antihistamine to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants. What is the rationale for this particular teaching topic?
1. The antihistamine will not work if combined with alcohol or a CNS depressant. 2. The sedating effects will be increased. 3. This combination will cause insomnia. 4. Anaphylaxis is more likely when antihistamines are taken with alcohol.
A patient takes a long time getting dressed. What should you do?
a. Give the person time to complete the task. b. Ask if you can help the person. c. Report the problem to the nurse. d. Time the person. Encourage the person to beat that time.