The outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:
a. dura mater.
b. meninges.
c. arachnoid.
d. pia mater.
A
Because of the vital and essential role of the CNS in the body's regulatory processes, the brain and spinal cord have two protective coverings: an outer covering consisting of bone and an inner covering of membranes called the meninges. The meninges is a collective term for three distinct layers surrounding the brain and spinal column—the dura mater (outermost membrane layer), the arachnoid, and the pia mater (innermost membrane layer).
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Which statement is true?
a. Chromatin remodeling changes the order of genes between histones. b. Chromatin remodeling becomes permanent when inherited. c. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling can cause cancer. d. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are independent processes.
An atom is called an ion when it has
a. either lost or gained electrons. b. either lost or gained protons. c. more neutrons than protons. d. lost its nucleus.
Phytoplankton is mainly found
A. near the ocean surface. B. on the ocean bottom. C. growing on rocks in freshwater streams. D. only in very cold water.
In words, why can utilizing an instrumental variable be an effective means toward identifying the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome?
A. It allows you to identify the causal effect of the treatment by using only variation in the treatment that isn't correlated with unobservables that affect the outcome. B. It allows you to identify the causal effect of the treatment by using only variation in the treatment that is correlated with unobservables that affect the outcome. C. It allows you to identify the causal effect of the treatment by controlling for unobservables that may crucially affect the outcome. D. None of the answers is correct.