Which of the following is a key characteristic of straightforward manipulations?
A. Situations that occur in the real world are simulated.
B. Researchers are usually able to manipulate independent variables with relative simplicity by presenting written, verbal, or visual material to the participants.
C. An accomplice is usually employed while conducting experiments.
D. Researchers try to create a specific psychological state in the participants, such as frustration, anger, or a temporary lowering of self-esteem.
Answer: B
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a. rationalization b. repression c. regression d. sublimation
To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal, then for leaping from that pedestal to another. Next, the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward
Finally, the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward. This is an example of ________. a. secondary learning b. modeling c. negative reinforcement d. shaping
Your text mentions a coexisting condition that causes chronic diarrhea in many infants who suffer from marasmus. What is this coexisting condition?
A) Low birth weight B) Premature delivery C) Parasitic infections D) Colic
Both Skinner and Thorndike agreed that punishment was generally
A. too cruel to use in humans. B. too weak to control behavior. C. only effective in non-human animals. D. more effective than reinforcement.