Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that __________.
A. cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for every problem
B. all psychotherapies can be used to treat any problem
C. Gestalt psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for any problem
D. no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem
Answer: D
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Ray Friedman and his colleagues administered a 20-item test to African-American and European-American students before and during the presidential election of Barack Obama. Before the election, the African-American students performed more poorly than the European-American students. During the election period, the African-American students
a. showed no change from their earlier performance. b. showed a further decrease in their scores. c. performed just as well as the European-American students. d. significantly outperformed the European-American students.
In the context of emotion, the physiological changes that accompany the release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands
a. "turn off" the action of the sympathetic nervous system. b. reduce any emotional response to stimulation. c. prepare the body for potential danger. d. calm the body after an emergency has passed.
The 3 babies in the experiment Where Did It Go? participated in a task called
A) expectation studies. B) invisible displacement. C) visible displacement. D) accommodation.
Which of the following is one of the eight essential critical-thinking guidelines?
a. accept generalizations b. express intolerance for uncertainty c. examine the evidence d. practice emotional reasoning