A nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child. Which assessment finding is abnormal?
1. Simultaneous rise of the chest and abdomen on inspiration
2. Anteroposterior diameter smaller than the lateral diameter
3. Bronchovesicular breath sounds
4. A protruding sternum
4
Rationale:
1. In children younger than 6 years old, the chest and abdomen rise simultaneously because the diaphragm is the primary breathing muscle.
2. The anteroposterior diameter becomes smaller than the lateral diameter after around 1 year of age.
3. Bronchovesicular breath sounds are normal.
4. A protruding sternum is an abnormal chest shape, and is called pigeon chest (pectus carinatum).
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