When assessing a patient, which finding by the nurse would support a diagnosis of left-sided heart failure?
A) Hepatic engorgement
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) Elevated jugular venous pressure
D) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Explanation: A) In right-sided heart failure, sodium and water retention occur, leading to right ventricular dilation and elevated right ventricular preload. The right upper quadrant of the abdomen may become tender as the liver enlarges and swells.
B) In right-sided heart failure, sodium and water retention occur, leading to right ventricular dilation and elevated right ventricular preload. Patients may complain of nausea, vomiting, and early satiety as the liver enlarges and causes pressure on the stomach.
C) In right-sided heart failure, there may be elevated jugular venous pressure and distended neck veins.
D) As left ventricular preload increases, pressure is increased in the organs immediately preceding the left ventricle in the circulatory circuit, or the lungs. Pulmonary venous pressure increases, leading to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (sudden shortness of breath while sleeping).
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