Marked hemodynamic changes in pregnancy can impact the pregnant woman with cardiac disease. Signs and symptoms of deteriorating cardiac status include (select all that apply):
a. Orthopnea
b. Nocturnal dyspnea
c. Palpitations
d. Irritation
ANS: a, b, c
Signs and symptoms of deteriorating cardiac status with cardiac disease include orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea, and palpitations, but do not include irritation.
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