Describe the period of "classic colonialism" in Africa before World War II. What changes did European rule bring to Africa?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Colonialism received a boost at the end of the First World War when the Allies won control of German colonies. Students should understand that although few Europeans lived in Africa before World War II, they made a deep impact on Africa economically, socially, religiously, and politically. Europeans invested heavily in colonial railroads, harbors, and mines, which enormously increased the output and value of agricultural and mining commodities. However, forced labor and urbanization increased malnutrition and disease. Racial segregation in housing, health care, and public accommodations became more pronounced. Economic development primarily benefited Europeans and often had a negative effect on African people. Christianity was introduced to Africa by Western missionaries, with the exception of Ethiopia. By opening schools that taught literacy and craft skills, missionaries educated a new elite for job opportunities but also exposed Africans to European political ideas. Islam also spread successfully during the colonial period. It also emphasized literacy but was less disruptive to traditional African society. Labor demands and the widening disparity between the wealthy and the poor embittered many Africans, causing a growth in nationalist movements.
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