Some adolescents abuse alcohol in a way that is risky to their health and possibly to those around them. Describe at each level of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model what may cause an individual to develop such problems.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The microsystem includes the face-to-face interactions a person has in her immediate settings, such as home, school, or friendship groups. The interaction between a child and a peer, or between a pair of siblings. The mesosystem brings together two settings that contain the child. For example, when parents meet and talk to a child’s teacher, the home setting interacts with the school setting and this interaction influences the child’s progress at school. The exosystem consists of settings the child never enters, that is, that are external to the child, but that affect the child’s development nevertheless (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). For example, even if the child never goes to a parent’s workplace, what happens in that setting can have an effect on the child. A job so demanding that it leaves parents exhausted at the end of the day affects the way parents will interact with children when they come home. The macrosystem consists of cultural norms that underlie the institutions and activities that make up someone’s everyday life. For example, the macrosystem in the United States includes the ideology of democracy, as well as the value placed on individual achievement. The chronosystem consists of the events that take place at different times of a child’s life, as well as the time in history in which the child lives. For example, parental divorce affects a 2-year-old child much differently than a teenager.
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ABA procedures are relevant to:
A.School children and developmentally disabled adults only B.People who have psychotic diagnoses as well as business managers C.People who have a mental illness but not people who have a physical illness D.Individuals but not groups
In an early investigation of memory, Frederic Bartlett asked students to read a story called The War of the Ghosts and then on later occasions asked them to recall the story. Bartlett made a number of observations about how students' recollections of the story were different from the story itself. Which of the following was not one of his observations?
a. Students retold the story in a way that made little sense. b. Students remembered the main idea of the story. c. Students retold the story in different words. d. Students forgot many of the story's details.
What is the central phenomenon being studied?
a. Difficulties in elementary classrooms b. Science teaching c. Novice teachers d. Science concepts
Which statement accurately reflects Nicholas Burbules and Thomas Callister, Jr's idea of how technology can affect education?
a. Providing computers for every student is essential for 21st century learning. b. The capacity for educational transformation is not intrinsic to the technology itself. c. Every technology creates positive new teaching and learning experiences for students. d. Digital technologies must be combined with non-computer-based materials.