Which of the following physiologic changes caused by aging is the most likely contributor to the high mortality rate in older trauma patients compared with younger trauma patients?
a. Deterioration of cerebral and motor skills
b. Poor vision and hearing
c. Diminished pain perception
d. Limited cardiovascular physiologic reserve in the elderly
D
Older adults have limited ability to increase their heart rate in response to blood loss, obscuring one of the earliest signs of hypovolemia-tachycardia. Loss of physiologic reserve and the presence of pre-existing medical conditions are likely to produce further conflicting hemodynamic data. An older patient's lack of physiologic reserve makes it imperative that early nutritional support is initiated.
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Which of these nursing documentation methods take an unstructured approach to documenting on the client record and often present disorganized client information?
a. charting by exception and critical pathways b. computerized documentation and point-of-care charting c. narrative and source-oriented charting d. SOAP (-IE, -IER) and PIE charting
It is important to plot the school-age child's height and weight on a standardized growth chart because:
A) Growth spurts are unpredictable. B) Boys and girls grow at different times and rates. C) Individual children will grow according to their own curve. D) All of the above.
Drug antagonism is best defined as an effect of a drug that:
1. Leads to major physiological and psychological dependence 2. Is modified by the concurrent administration of another drug 3. Cannot be metabolized before another dose is administered 4. Leads to a decreased physiological response when combined with another drug
When speaking to a person who is disabled, you should do which of the following?
a. Protect the person's privacy. b. Use the person's first name. c. Move from one statement to the next with little time in between for the person to re-spond so that he or she knows you have not left him or her. d. Do not maintain eye contact.