Journal articles available electronically (online) in ‘portable document format' (pdf) maintain the page format and table and figure images of the printed version of the article. Articles formatted in ‘html' (hypertext mark-up language) do not have the format or image of the printed article. Consider how these two versions of the same document differ and would be cited as part of an end-text
reference list or bibliography. How would a paraphrased or direct quote be cited in text from each of these two differently formatted texts?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWERS Discussion for this tutorial would be aimed at giving the student insight into thinking about the different formats a journal article can take and to cite the article as an electronic version or to look at it as a PDF which would provide more ability to provide page numbers if direct quotes were provided in the student's written paper. Thinking about what you are holding in your hand as a primary or secondary source in paper or digital format is often all that is required to then seek APA guidelines for correct citation format.
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